Scientific Research Supporting Use of Omega-Series Fatty Acids in Animals

 

Birds:

  1. Tarlton JF, Wilkins LJ, Toscano MJ, et al. Reduced bone breakage and increased bone strength in free range laying hens fed omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplemented diets. Bone. 2013; 52: 578–586.
  2. Liu D, et al. Long-term supplementation of various dietary lipids alters bone mineral content, mechanical properties and histologic characteristics of Japanese quail. Poult Sci. 82:831-839, 2003.
  3. Baird HT, Eggett DL, Fullmer S. Varying ratios of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids on the pre- and postmortem bone mineral density, bone ash, and bone breaking strength of laying chickens. Poult Sci. 87:323-328, 2008.
  4. Liu, W.-m., Lai, S.-j., Lu, L.-z., Shi, F.-x. et al. (2011) Effects of dietary fatty acids on serum parameters, fatty acid compositions, and liver histology in Shaoxing laying ducks. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B (Biomed & Biotechnology), 12, 736–743.
  5. Schiavone, B.A., Romboli, I., Chiarini, R. and Marzoni, M. (2004) Influence of dietary lipid source and strain on fatty acid composition of Muscovy duck meat. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 88, 88–93.
  6. Petzinger, C. et al. (2010) Dietary modification of omega-3 fatty acids for birds with atherosclerosis. JAVMA, 236, 523–528.
  7. Speake, B.K. and Wood, N.A.R. (2005) Timing of incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid into brain and muscle phospholipids during precocial and altricial modes of avian development. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B, 141, 147–158.
  8. Fronte, B. et al. (2008) Learning ability of 1-d-old partridges (Alectoris rufa) from eggs laid by hens fed with different n-3 fatty acid concentrations. British Poultry Science, 49, 776–780.
  9. Ansenberger, K. et al. (2010) Decreased severity of ovarian cancer and increased survival in hens fed a flaxseed-enriched diet for 1 year. Gynecological Oncology, 117, 341–347.
  10. Newman, R.E. et al. (2002) Dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids alter avian metabolism: metabolism and abdominal fat deposition. British Journal of Nutrition, 88, 11–18.
  11. Liu, W.M., Jhang, J., Lu, L.Z., Shi, F.X. et al. (2011) Effects of perilla extract on productive performance, serum values and hepatic expression of lipid-related genes in Shaoxing ducks. British Poultry Science, 52, 381–387.

Rodents:

  1. Notarnicola M, et al. Dietary ω-3 PolyunsaturatedFattyAcidsInhibit Tumor Growth in Transgenic ApcMin/+Mice, Correlating with CB1 Receptor Up-Regulation. Int J Mol Sci.2017 Feb 24;18(3).
  2. El-Ashmawy NE, El-Bahrawy HA, Al-Tantawy SM. Chemopreventive effect ofomega-3polyunsaturatedfattyacidsand atorvastatin inratswith bladdercancer. Tumour Biol.2017 Feb;39(2):1010428317692254. doi: 10.1177/1010428317692254.
  3. Narayanankutty A, et al. Vitamin E supplementation modulates the biological effects ofomega-3 fatty acidsin naturally agedrats. Toxicol Mech Methods.2017 Mar;27(3):207-214. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1273431. Epub 2017 Jan 8.
  4. Naranjo MC, et al. Dietaryfattyacidson aortic root calcification in mice with metabolic syndrome. Food Funct.2017 Apr 19;8(4):1468-1474. doi: 10.1039/c7fo00143f.
  5. Shen J, et al. Omega-3fattyacid supplement prevents development of intracranialatherosclerosis. 2016 Oct 15;334:226-235. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.013. Epub 2016 Aug 11.
  6. Liu L, et al. Protective role of n6/n3 PUFA supplementation with varying DHA/EPA ratios againstatherosclerosisin mice. J Nutr Biochem.2016 Jun;32:171-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.02.010. Epub 2016 Mar 21.
  7. Han H, et al. Flaxseed Oil Containing α -LinolenicAcidEster of Plant Sterol ImprovedAtherosclerosisin ApoE Deficient Mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev.2015;2015:958217. doi: 10.1155/2015/958217. Epub 2015 Jun 9.
  8. Yu H, et al. A low ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppresses matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression and reduces adjuvant-inducedarthritisin rats. Nutr Res.2015 Dec;35(12):1113-21. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.09.019.
  9. Kaithwas G,Majumdar DK. Therapeutic effect of Linum usitatissimum (flaxseed/linseed) fixed oil on acute and chronic arthritic models in albino rats. 2010 Jun;18(3):127-36. doi: 10.1007/s10787-010-0033-9. Epub 2010 Feb 16.
  10. Ribeiro DC, et al. Incorporation of Flaxseed Flour as a Dietary Source for ALA Increases Bone Density and Strength in Post-Partum Female Rats. 2017 Apr;52(4):327-333. doi: 10.1007/s11745-017-4245-2. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
  11. Longo AB,Ward WE. Providing Flaxseed Oil but Not Menhaden Oil Protects against OVX Induced Bone Loss in the Mandible of Sprague-Dawley Rats. 2016 Sep 24;8(10). pii: E597. doi: 10.3390/nu8100597.
  12. Sacco SM, et al. Flaxseed combined with low-dose estrogen therapy preserves bone tissue in ovariectomized rats. 2009 May-Jun;16(3):545-54. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31818fc00a.
  13. Yamaguchi T, et al. Dietary flax oil rich in α-linolenicacidreduces renaldiseaseand oxylipin abnormalities, including formation of docosahexaenoicacidderived oxylipins in the CD1-pcy/pcy mouse model of nephronophthisis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.2015 Mar;94:83-9. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.11.009. Epub 2014 Nov 29.
  14. Al-Bishri WM. Favorable effects of flaxseed supplemented diet on liver andkidneyfunctions in hypertensive Wistar rats. J Oleo Sci.2013;62(9):709-15.
  15. Caligiuri SP, et al. Dietary linoleicacidand α-linolenicaciddifferentially affect renal oxylipins and phospholipid fatty acids in diet-induced obese rats. J Nutr.2013 Sep;143(9):1421-31. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.177360. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
  16. Ogborn MR, et al. Dietary flax oil reduces renal injury, oxidized LDL content, and tissue n-6/n-3 FA ratio in experimental polycystickidney disease. 2002 Nov;37(11):1059-65.
  17. Chen GC, et al. The anti-adiposity effect of bitter melon seed oil is solely attributed to its fattyacidcomponents. Lipids Health Dis.2017 Sep 29;16(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0578-3.
  18. Miotto PM, et al. α-Linolenicacidsupplementation and exercise training reveal independent and additive responses on hepatic lipid accumulation in obese rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.2017 Jun 1;312(6):E461-E470. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00438.2016. Epub 2017 Mar 7.

Rabbits:

  1. Milberg P, et al. Antiarrhythmic effects of free polyunsaturated fatty acids in an experimental model of LQT2 and LQT3 due to suppression of early after depolarizations and reduction of spatial and temporal dispersion of repolarization. Heart 2011 Sep;8(9):1492-500. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.03.058. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
  2. Ander BP, et al. Dietary flaxseed protects against ventricular fibrillation induced by ischemia-reperfusion in normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Nutr.2004 Dec;134(12):3250-6.
  3. Numata M. Antitumor effects of alpha-linolenic acid on the human tumor transplanted in nude mice and on the metastasis of Vx-7 tumor in rabbit. Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi.1995 Jan;70(1):183-93.
  4. Gavel NT, et al. The effect of dietary hempseed on atherogenesis and contractile function in aortae from hypercholesterolemicrabbits. Acta Physiol Hung.2011 Sep;98(3):273-83. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.98.2011.3.4.
  5. Prasad K, et al. Reduction of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by CDC-flaxseed with very low alpha-linolenic acid. Atherosclerosis. 1998 Feb;136(2):367-75.
  6. Rebollar PG, et al. Reproductive long-term effects, endocrine response and fatty acid profile of rabbit does fed diets supplemented with n-3 fatty acids. Anim Reprod Sci.2014 May;146(3-4):202-9. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.02.021. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
  7. McCullough RS, et al. The alpha linolenic acid content of flaxseed is associated with an induction of adipose leptin expression. 2011 Nov;46(11):1043-52. doi: 10.1007/s11745-011-3619-0. Epub 2011 Oct 27.
  8. Ander BP, et al. Distribution of omega-3 fatty acids in tissues of rabbits fed a flax seed-supplemented diet. 2010 May;59(5):620-7. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.005. Epub 2009 Nov 14.

Reptiles:

  1. Speake BK,Herbert JF,Thompson MB. Comparison of the fatty-acidcompositions of prey items and yolks of Australian insectivorous scincid lizards. J Comp Physiol B.2004 Jul;174(5):393-7. Epub 2004 Apr 14.
  2. Stark AH,Reifen R,Crawford MA. Past and Present Insights onAlpha-linolenic Acidand the Omega-3 FattyAcid Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.2016 Oct 25;56(14):2261-7. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2013.828678.
  3. Speake BK,Herbert JF,Thompson MB. Evidence for placental transfer of lipids during gestation in the viviparous lizard, Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol.2004 Oct;139(2):213-20.
  4. Lance VA, et al. Hyperlipidemia and reproductive failure in captive-reared alligators: vitamin E, vitamin A, plasma lipids,fattyacids, and steroid hormones. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.2001 Feb;128(2):285-94.